![]() Some allogenic transplantations of MSCs have used immunosuppressive drugs to prevent or reduce the immune rejection of grafted cells in the host. Indeed, HLA matching as well as immune rejection are taken into consideration before transplantation. Similar to HSCs, in the first clinical applications of MSCs, the MSCs were administered as autologous transplantation. However, since the HLA matching ratio is very low in the human population (about 1/100,000), the business of HSC drugs has only slowly developed.įrom 2012 till now, stem cell drugs have advanced with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based products. Ducord and HemaCord are two HSC drugs introduced around 2010 in the US. ![]() With greater characterization of HSCs (including HLA typing), stem cells were able to be commercialized as pharmaceutical products for transplantation in the US, beginning in the 2000s. In light of the demand for allogeneic HSCT, stem cell banks have been developed in several countries, such US, Japan, Korea, England and Germany Armson et al., 2015. To overcome these limitations, allogenic HSCT was suggested as a better platform the use of selected HSC samples with greater quality and quantity can be controlled. More importantly, autologous HSCs have some mutations in their genome which limit their use in treating genetic diseases. However, autologous HSCT had some limitations, especially with regard to the quality and quantity of HSCs. The stem cells were collected from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood or peripheral blood. Therefore, in the initial years of HSCT, almost all cases were performed as autologous transplantation of HSCs. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching is an important component for successful HSCT Lee et al., 2007 Petersdorf et al., 1998 Sasazuki et al., 1998. In recent years, HSCTs have also been used in solid tumor treatment Kotloff et al., 2004 Rodenhuis et al., 2003 Tallman et al., 2003. From 1970s to 2000s, all HSC transplantations (HSCTs) were indicated for hematologic malignancies. showed that stem cells could be used as drugs to treat diseases Appelbaum 2007.Ĭlinical applications of HSCs rapidly increased with more and more diseases treated with HSCs. The first application of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in 1950s by Donald et al. ![]() To date, there are more than 100 different diseases that have been treated with stem cell transplantation. Today, there is a huge potential benefit for the use of stem cells in disease treatment (stem cell therapy). The capability and relative of stem cell isolation, proliferation and modification gave rise to the field of stem cell application for disease treatment. Stem cells are considered as the origin of the growth and development of human beings.
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